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War in Ukraine affected wellbeing worldwide, but people’s speed of recovery depended on their personality

<p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/luke-smillie-7502">Luke Smillie</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/the-university-of-melbourne-722">The University of Melbourne</a></em></p> <p>The war in Ukraine has had impacts around the world. <a href="https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/ripple-effects-russia-ukraine-war-test-global-economies">Supply chains</a> have been disrupted, the <a href="https://news.un.org/pages/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/GCRG_2nd-Brief_Jun8_2022_FINAL.pdf?utm_source=United+Nations&amp;utm_medium=Brief&amp;utm_campaign=Global+Crisis+Response">cost of living</a> has soared and we’ve seen the <a href="https://www.unhcr.org/hk/en/73141-ukraine-fastest-growing-refugee-crisis-in-europe-since-wwii.html">fastest-growing refugee crisis since World War II</a>. All of these are in addition to the devastating humanitarian and economic impacts within Ukraine.</p> <p>Our international team was conducting a global study on wellbeing in the lead up to and after the Russian invasion. This provided a unique opportunity to examine the psychological impact of the outbreak of war.</p> <p>As we explain in a new study published in <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-44693-6">Nature Communications</a>, we learned the toll on people’s wellbeing was evident across nations, not just <a href="https://ijmhs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13033-023-00598-3">in Ukraine</a>. These effects appear to have been temporary – at least for the average person.</p> <p>But people with certain psychological vulnerabilities struggled to recover from the shock of the war.</p> <h2>Tracking wellbeing during the outbreak of war</h2> <p>People who took part in our study completed a rigorous “<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2773515/">experience-sampling</a>” protocol. Specifically, we asked them to report their momentary wellbeing four times per day for a whole month.</p> <p>Data collection began in October 2021 and continued throughout 2022. So we had been tracking wellbeing around the world during the weeks surrounding the outbreak of war in February 2022.</p> <p>We also collected measures of personality, along with various sociodemographic variables (including age, gender, political views). This enabled us to assess whether different people responded differently to the crisis. We could also compare these effects across countries.</p> <p>Our analyses focused primarily on 1,341 participants living in 17 European countries, excluding Ukraine itself (44,894 experience-sampling reports in total). We also expanded these analyses to capture the experiences of 1,735 people living in 43 countries around the world (54,851 experience-sampling reports) – including in Australia.</p> <h2>A global dip in wellbeing</h2> <p>On February 24 2022, the day Russia invaded Ukraine, there was a sharp decline in wellbeing around the world. There was no decline in the month leading up to the outbreak of war, suggesting the change in wellbeing was not already occurring for some other reason.</p> <p>However, there was a gradual increase in wellbeing during the month <em>after</em> the Russian invasion, suggestive of a “return to baseline” effect. Such effects are commonly reported in psychological research: situations and events that impact our wellbeing often (<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237535630_Adaptation_and_the_Set-Point_Model_of_Subjective_Well-BeingDoes_Happiness_Change_After_Major_Life_Events">though not always</a>) do so <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7062343_Beyond_the_Hedonic_Treadmill_Revising_the_Adaptation_Theory_of_Well-Being">temporarily</a>.</p> <p>Unsurprisingly, people in Europe experienced a sharper dip in wellbeing compared to people living elsewhere around the world. Presumably the war was much more salient for those closest to the conflict, compared to those living on an entirely different continent.</p> <p>Interestingly, day-to-day fluctuations in wellbeing mirrored the salience of the war on social media as events unfolded. Specifically, wellbeing was lower on days when there were more tweets mentioning Ukraine on Twitter/X.</p> <p>Our results indicate that, on average, it took around two months for people to return to their baseline levels of wellbeing after the invasion.</p> <h2>Different people, different recoveries</h2> <p>There are <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31944795/">strong links</a> between our wellbeing and our individual personalities.</p> <p>However, the dip in wellbeing following the Russian invasion was fairly uniform across individuals. None of the individual factors assessed in our study, including personality and sociodemographic factors, predicted people’s response to the outbreak of war.</p> <p>On the other hand, personality did play a role in how quickly people recovered. Individual differences in people’s recovery were linked to a personality trait called “stability”. Stability is a broad dimension of personality that combines low neuroticism with high agreeableness and conscientiousness (three traits from the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/big-five">Big Five</a> personality framework).</p> <p>Stability is so named because it reflects the stability of one’s overall psychological functioning. This can be illustrated by breaking stability down into its three components:</p> <ol> <li> <p>low neuroticism describes <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2212154120">emotional stability</a>. People low in this trait experience less intense negative emotions such as anxiety, fear or anger, in response to negative events</p> </li> <li> <p>high agreeableness describes <a href="https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-63285-010">social stability</a>. People high in this trait are generally more cooperative, kind, and motivated to maintain social harmony</p> </li> <li> <p>high conscientiousness describes <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112331">motivational stability</a>. People high in this trait show more effective patterns of goal-directed self-regulation.</p> </li> </ol> <p>So, our data show that people with less stable personalities fared worse in terms of recovering from the impact the war in Ukraine had on wellbeing.</p> <p>In a supplementary analysis, we found the effect of stability was driven specifically by neuroticism and agreeableness. The fact that people higher in neuroticism recovered more slowly accords with a wealth of research linking this trait with <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10573882/">coping difficulties</a> and <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5428182/">poor mental health</a>.</p> <p>These effects of personality on recovery were stronger than those of sociodemographic factors, such as age, gender or political views, which were not statistically significant.</p> <p>Overall, our findings suggest that people with certain psychological vulnerabilities will often struggle to recover from the shock of global events such as the outbreak of war in Ukraine.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/224147/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/luke-smillie-7502">Luke Smillie</a>, Professor in Personality Psychology, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/the-university-of-melbourne-722">The University of Melbourne</a></em></p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images </em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/war-in-ukraine-affected-wellbeing-worldwide-but-peoples-speed-of-recovery-depended-on-their-personality-224147">original article</a>.</em></p>

Mind

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"Do you hear it?": Worldwide hum global mystery baffles scientists

<p>A perplexing phenomenon known as "The Worldwide Hum" has been capturing the attention of scientists and citizens alike, as an unusual low-frequency noise continues to puzzle experts.</p> <p>This mysterious hum, first recorded in 2012, has been reported by thousands of people worldwide, sparking investigations, online discussions and even <a href="https://www.thehum.info/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the creation of an interactive map</a> documenting instances of the enigmatic sound. As researchers strive to unravel the mystery, individuals share their experiences, raising questions about its origin and effects.</p> <p>Described as a low rumbling or droning sound, "the hum" is often likened to the idling of a car or truck engine. What makes this phenomenon particularly intriguing is that it is not universally heard, with reports of the hum being exclusive to certain individuals.</p> <p>Some claim it is more pronounced at night than during the day, and louder indoors than outdoors. One Reddit user even compared it to the low-frequency vibrations felt when a passenger jet flies overhead.</p> <p>Since its first documentation, more than 6,500 instances of the hum have been reported globally, with new cases continually emerging. The interactive user-generated World Hum Map and Database Project <span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;">captures the experiences of those who have encountered the sound, providing a comprehensive overview of its widespread occurrence. In some regions, authorities such as the Environment Protection Authority (EPA) have conducted investigations, as was the case in the NSW Waverley Council ten years ago. Despite these efforts, the source of the hum remains elusive.</span></p> <p>Individuals affected by the mysterious noise often find solace in online communities, where they share their experiences and discuss possible explanations. Some describe feeling as though they are "going insane", and say that the psychological impact of the persistent hum is actually very severe.</p> <p>Facebook support groups have become a platform for individuals to connect, share anecdotes and speculate about the origin of the sound. Theories range from the mundane – such as the use of headphones causing collective tinnitus – to more complex environmental factors.</p> <p>While tinnitus, a symptom of auditory system issues, has been proposed as a potential explanation, it does not account for the collective experience of the hum. Various theories, including industrial plants, ocean waves, lightning strikes and the proliferation of mobile phone towers, have been suggested over the years. However, none of these explanations have gained widespread acceptance or provided a conclusive answer.</p> <p>Dr Glen MacPherson, who initiated the World Hum Map and Database Project, experienced the hum firsthand on Canada's Sunshine Coast. Having debunked the idea of "hum hotspots", Dr MacPherson theorises that the hum may be a subjective phenomenon, akin to tinnitus, originating from within the individual rather than an external source. His 11 years of research highlight the complexity of the mystery, challenging initial assumptions and pointing towards the need for further investigation.</p> <p>As "The Worldwide Hum" continues to captivate the curiosity of scientists and citizens worldwide, the quest for understanding remains elusive. While theories abound, the true origin of the hum remains unknown, leaving both experts and individuals alike intrigued by a phenomenon that transcends geographic boundaries and defies conventional explanations.</p> <p><em>Image: Getty</em></p>

Body

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‘Thank you Ma’am, for everything’: Paddington Bear joins worldwide tributes

<p>The adorable Paddington Bear himself has paid a touching tribute to Queen Elizabeth II, only a few months after they warmed hearts around the world with a hilarious collaboration during the <a href="https://oversixty.co.nz/lifestyle/beauty-style/our-favourite-highlights-of-the-close-of-the-platinum-jubilee-celebrations" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Platinum Jubilee celebrations</a>.</p> <p>Much to the delight of millions of viewers, the Queen herself appeared in the sketch with the famed British bear that no one could have foreseen to kick-start the Party in The Palace concert.</p> <p>The much loved duo tapped out the beat of Queen’s We Will Rock You anthem together on china teacups using silver spoons as a unique way of getting the celebrations under way.</p> <p>The sketch, which the Queen spent half a day filming, was dubbed better than her Olympic opening show cameo with James Bond.</p> <p>Sitting opposite each other at a table, laid for afternoon tea, Paddington began by telling the Queen that he hoped she was “having a lovely Jubilee” before Her Majesty offered some tea.</p> <p>During a special moment shared by the two, the Queen revealed she shares Paddington's love of marmalade sandwiches and keeps an emergency stash in her trademark handbag.</p> <p>Britain's favourite bear took time to congratulate his new friend on her outstanding 70 years of service. Commenting on her record-breaking reign Paddington said: “Happy Jubilee Ma'am. And thank you. For everything” to which she replied, “That's very kind”.</p> <p>Upon The Queen’s passing, Paddington has paid his respects one last time, tweeting: “Thank you Ma’am, for everything”.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr" lang="en">Thank you Ma’am, for everything.</p> <p>— Paddington (@paddingtonbear) <a href="https://twitter.com/paddingtonbear/status/1567931094858702850?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 8, 2022</a></p></blockquote> <p><em>Image: YouTube</em></p>

Caring

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Canberra takes out bronze in worldwide healthy city rankings

<p dir="ltr">The world’s healthiest cities have been crowned for 2022, with Australia’s capital claiming bronze.</p> <p><span id="docs-internal-guid-d9998b29-7fff-7f0e-603c-b9722c8b99bb">A <a href="https://www.money.co.uk/mortgages/healthiest-places" target="_blank" rel="noopener">new study</a> from Money.co.uk has ranked Canberra in third place, two places higher than last year’s rankings.</span></p> <blockquote class="instagram-media" style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/CaOaNydoLR5/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="14"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <div style="padding: 12.5% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;"> <div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 8px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: auto;"> <div style="width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;"> </div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CaOaNydoLR5/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A post shared by Visit Canberra (@visitcanberra)</a></p> </div> </blockquote> <p dir="ltr">The study analysed a range of factors, including obesity levels, life expectancy, air pollution, the number of sunlight hours, and safety, along with some related to the pandemic such as healthcare accessibility and the number of healthcare professionals in each country.</p> <p dir="ltr">Though the study ranked Japan as the healthiest country to live in, the top two healthiest cities were both in Spain, with Valencia retaining the top position for another year.</p> <p><span id="docs-internal-guid-72c27626-7fff-aa9f-16b9-d60a9b53a913"></span></p> <p dir="ltr">Australia also cracked the healthiest countries list, coming in 16th place.</p> <blockquote class="instagram-media" style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/Cagbx_5qF8I/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="14"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <div style="padding: 12.5% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;"> <div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 8px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: auto;"> <div style="width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;"> </div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/Cagbx_5qF8I/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A post shared by Visit Canberra (@visitcanberra)</a></p> </div> </blockquote> <p dir="ltr">According to the study, Canberra significantly improved from 2021 to 2022. It is one of the safest cities in the world, has a high average life expectancy at 82.9 years, and experiences a whopping 2,813.7 hours of sunlight each year.</p> <p dir="ltr">In fact, the capital city ranked second when it came to cities with the cleanest air, followed by Wellington.</p> <p dir="ltr">Other Australian cities that made the list include Adelaide in 9th place and Brisbane in 16th place.</p> <p dir="ltr"><span id="docs-internal-guid-a9970f9c-7fff-e0d6-ea6e-255dfb6c5763"></span></p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: @visitcanberra (Instagram)</em></p>

Domestic Travel

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Mental health under-treated worldwide

<div class="copy"> <p>A meta-analysis of 149 studies from around the world shows that treatment rates for <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/biology/what-causes-depression-what-we-know-dont-know-and-suspect/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" data-type="URL" data-id="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/biology/what-causes-depression-what-we-know-dont-know-and-suspect/">major depressive disorder</a> (MDD) remain low worldwide. According to the review, one in three people with major depressive disorder in high-income countries, and less than one in 12 in low to middle-income countries, receive treatment. Researchers from the University of Queensland and their international collaborators <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/citation?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">published the findings</a> in the open-access journal <em>PLOS Medicine</em>.</p> <p>“Overall, we estimated that treatment rates for this disorder remain low, especially in low and middle-income countries,” says Dr Alize Ferrari, an epidemiologist at the University of Queensland and leading author of the study. “Even in high-income countries where treatment rates are comparatively higher, many individuals do not receive a level of care consistent with practice guideline recommendations.”</p> <p>Ferrari and colleagues included data from 84 countries between 2000 and 2021. The team applied a statistical method known as Bayesian meta-regression analysis to combine the data and examine depression treatment rates worldwide.</p> <p>The team found an apparent disparity between countries with different resources. In particular, 33% of people with MDD in high-income countries and just 8% in low and middle-income countries had access to mental health services.</p> <p>But the researchers estimated that only 23% of people with MDD received appropriate treatment in high-income countries. The percentage dropped to 3% in low and middle-income countries. </p> <p>“Major depressive disorder is a mental disorder that imposes a large amount of disability on the population’s health. Our findings highlight the importance for governments and policymakers to reconsider the availability of appropriate care for this disorder,” Ferrari says.</p> <p>According to a <a href="https://www.scimex.org/newsfeed/the-world-is-failing-to-tackle-depression/multimedia/global-depression_lancet_paper.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Lancet</em> and World Psychiatric Association Commission on depression</a>, “the world is failing to tackle the persisting and increasingly serious global crisis of depression.” </p> <p>The international commission, which includes Australian experts, called for concerted and collaborative efforts by governments, healthcare providers, researchers, people living with depression, and their families to improve care and prevention, fill knowledge gaps, and increase awareness to tackle one of the leading causes of avoidable suffering and premature death worldwide.</p> <p>“Evidence has accumulated over decades that depression is a leading cause of avoidable suffering in the world. Yet not enough is done to avoid and alleviate the suffering and disadvantages linked with depression, and few governments acknowledge the brake that depression places on social and economic development,” they write.</p> <p>“It is important for us to reconsider what services would have the most impact in reducing the burden due to major depressive disorder, and how best to deliver these to those in the population who need treatment the most,” says Ferrari. “It is also important for us to have access to more high-quality mental health survey data from low and middle-income countries that would allow us to understand better and track treatment for major depressive disorder.”</p> <p>MDD can affect people of any age and is caused by genetic, environmental, psychological and social factors. Behavioural and physical symptoms of MDD may include changes in sleep, appetite, energy level, concentration, daily behaviour or self-esteem.</p> <p><a href="https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/1-facts_figures.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">According to The Black Dog Institute</a>, one in seven people experience depression in their lifetime in Australia. Depression has the third-highest burden of all diseases (13%) and is the number one cause of non-fatal disability in Australia (23%).</p> <p>The WHO estimates that 3.8% of the population is affected, with approximately 280 million people worldwide experiencing depression. When untreated, depression can cause great suffering and loss of function at work, school and home. At its worst, depression can lead to suicide. Every year, over 700,000 people die due to suicide, making it the fourth leading cause of death in 15 to 29-year-olds.</p> <p>In the past two years, several studies have highlighted how the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the global mental health crisis and hindered access to appropriate treatment.</p> <p>One <a href="https://www.scimex.org/newsfeed/lockdowns-may-not-have-been-as-bad-for-mental-health-as-we-thought/multimedia/covid-wellbeing_plos_paper.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">study published this week</a> in <em>PLOS ONE</em> by researchers at the University of Tasmania and Cambridge University, UK, found that COVID-19 death rates and fear caused by the pandemic may have contributed to poor mental health in the UK even more than lockdowns.</p> <p>Another <a href="https://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1186/s12992-022-00807-7?sharing_token=GOUNEgWIhZeVF_NaIvCSE2_BpE1tBhCbnbw3BuzI2RPIJUFuplJVDGtWKK1bwemFwU7DX_LUkT5qkx6Y1YLmYBcboJpAapN57vhiB0c_ZPTaklKkLuIyWvr61rrIAMLcp884PDr_O1mT5UHFhwgZbjTE28kinWgX7HGVsEM4YoM%3D" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">study published this week</a> in the open-access journal <em>Globalization and Health</em> found that Australia’s extended international border closures during the pandemic might have led to high levels of psychological distress across the community.</p> <p>Of the almost 4,000 participants in the survey, the vast majority, over 81%, reported that waiting to be reunited with partners, family and friends harmed their mental health.  </p> <p>“The vast majority of participants reported being negatively affected by the restrictions and showed high or very high levels of psychological distress,” says Flinders University researcher Dr Kathina Ali, a co-author of the study.  </p> <p>“A fifth of respondents believed they needed help for mental health problems,” she says. “Health and mental healthcare providers should be aware of this crisis and provide appropriate support options and practical strategies to mitigate the risk of further deterioration.”</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=182301&amp;title=Mental+health+under-treated+worldwide" width="1" height="1" data-spai-target="src" data-spai-orig="" data-spai-exclude="nocdn" /></em></div> <div id="contributors"> <p><em>This article was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/body-and-mind/depression-treatment-rates/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cosmosmagazine.com</a> and was written by Manuela Callari. </em></p> </div>

Mind

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HAVE YOU SEEN THIS DRESS? Distraught bride launches worldwide hunt

<p>A woman has launched a search for her long-lost wedding dress, 17 years after she wore it on her big day.</p> <p><span>Ohio woman Susan Stephenson was spring cleaning her home when she noticed her wedding dress box was unsealed. </span></p> <p><span>When she opened it, she felt "shock, disbelief, and then sadness" as she discovered the dress in the box wasn't hers. </span></p> <p><span>As she told Fox14, she has started looking for her original gown, as she hopes to find her dress and return the dress in her position to its original owner. </span></p> <p><span>"I've had someone else's dress for 17 years," she adds.</span></p> <p><span>She contacted the local business responsible for boxing up her dress, but too much time had passed since her wedding. </span></p> <p><span>Susan was married in 2004 and the business didn't keep records before 2016. </span></p> <p><span>When she was unable to get any help from the business, Susan took to Facebook to see if the social media world can help her. </span></p> <p><span>Susan included photos of the dress in her possession, and explained the complicated situation in the caption. </span></p> <p><iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fsusan.stephenson.1000469%2Fposts%2F586360805836508&amp;show_text=true&amp;width=500" width="500" height="676" style="border: none; overflow: hidden;" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="true" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; web-share"></iframe></p> <p><span>In the caption, she describes the dress she's looking for and said she would "love to have the sentimental dress back", and said, "St Anthony saint of lost things and St Jude saint of lost causes help a gal out please."</span></p> <p><span>So far Susan hasn't had any responses to her post, but is hopeful it is just a matter of time until she finds the other bride.</span></p> <p><span>"Her dress is strapless, very form-fitting, all the way to the ankles, a small train. It's entirely made up of lace and beading," Susan describes on Fox14.</span></p> <p><span>In her post, Susan assured the owner of the dress that it is in perfect condition, and she hopes to return it to where it belongs.</span></p> <p><span>"We've taken really good care of it. And with regard to my dress, I just hope someone treated it with the same respect."</span></p> <p><em>Image credit: Facebook / Shutterstock</em></p>

Beauty & Style

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URGENT: Worldwide recall of common heartburn drug over cancer fears

<p>A popular medicine for heartburn and stomach ulcers known as Zantac has been urgently recalled in all markets over fears that it’s contaminated with a chemical that’s linked to cancer.</p> <p>The Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) at the UK’s Department of Health has sent an alert to healthcare professionals, calling for all unexpired stocks of four types of Zantac to be returned. These four types are made by GlaxoSmithKline.</p> <p>The recall is due to the possible contamination of ranitidine, which is the active substance in the medication that reduces stomach acid levels. There is an impurity that is linked to the development of certain cancers.</p> <p>Traces of the impurity known as N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) are found in some food and water supplies, but can be dangerous at higher concentrations.</p> <p>The four affected products, which are all prescription-only medicine are:</p> <ul> <li>Zantac 150mg/10ml Syrup,</li> <li>Zantac 50mg/2ml Injection</li> <li>Zantac 150mg Tablets</li> <li>Zantac 300mg Tablets<span> </span><span> </span> </li> </ul> <p>Doctors have been told to stop supplying the product immediately and to return all remaining stock to their supplier, according to <em><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/zantac-cancer-ranitidine-recall-heartburn-drug-prescription-gsk-health-a9148401.html" target="_blank">The Independent</a>.</em></p> <p>It’s important to note that over-the-counter products that also bear the Zantac name are made by a different company and therefore are unaffected.</p> <p>Dr Andrew Gray, MHRA deputy director of inspections, enforcement and standards, said: “Whilst this action is precautionary, the MHRA takes patient safety very seriously.</p> <p>“Patients should keep taking their current medicines but should speak to their doctor or pharmacist if they are concerned and should seek their doctor’s advice before stopping any prescribed medicines.”</p> <p>He added: “Currently, there is no evidence that medicines containing nitrosamines have caused any harm to patients, but the agency is closely monitoring the situation, and working with other regulatory agencies around the world.”</p>

News

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This airport was named the busiest airport in the world for the 21st year in a row

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Definitely avoid this airport if you’re not a fan of crowds, as a US airport has topped the list of busiest airports in the world.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It beat out hubs such as Dubai, Beijing and even more recognisable US airports such as LAX or New York’s JFK.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The airport has won the award for 21 years in a row, as Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport had close to 107 million passengers passing through back in 2018.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The annual world traffic report done by Airports Council International, which includes airport traffic trends as well as in-depth analysis of the world’s biggest aviation markets show that traffic across the world has increased to 8.8 billion.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This is a 6.4 per cent increase from last year. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The reason for the airport’s popularity is because of its position in the US, as it’s within a two-hour flight for 80 per cent of the United States population.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Beijing Airport was in second spot, as it had 101 million passengers going in and out of the airport, whereas Dubai was third, which handled 89 million.</span></p> <p><strong>Here are the top five world’s busiest airports for 2018</strong></p> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (Georgia, US) — 107.4 million passengers</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Beijing Capital International Airport (China) — 101 million</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dubai International Airport (United Arab Emirates) — 89.1 million</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Los Angeles International Airport (California, US) — 87.5 million</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tokyo’s Haneda Airport (Japan) — 86.9 million</span></li> </ol>

Travel Trouble

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Serena Williams pays tribute to her father’s “amazing” work ethic

<p>As tennis legend Serena Williams has her sights set on the record-equalling 24th grand slam singles crown she’s been training her whole life for, Serena has taken a moment to reflect on her father Richard’s sacrifices to get her to where she is today.</p> <p>Serena says that the birth of her own daughter Alexis Olympia has made her realise just how much her father gave up for her over the years.</p> <p>"My dad is amazing. I could never have done what he has done, not only with myself but with Venus," the American told<span> </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/27529598/serena-breezes-6-1-6-0-win-just-44-minutes" target="_blank"><em>ESPN</em></a>.</p> <p>"It's shocking and as a parent to do something every single day is very difficult - and I can't do something with my daughter every single day.</p> <p>"And I remember when we were young, we went out and trained and practised and we didn't miss a day.”</p> <p>Serena said that she appreciates the discipline as it has made her a better player.</p> <p>"To have that discipline actually makes me look at myself as a player, as a parent and just really appreciate my dad so much more than I ever have in the past,” she said.</p> <p>"It just makes me see it totally different and I love him to death and he's watching all my matches and he's probably already texting me right now saying 'Serena, you need to do this a little more'.</p> <p>"And I'm like 'okay, Dad, I got this."</p> <p>As to whether or not her two-year-old will make an appearance at the games? It’s not looking likely until Alexis can sit still.</p> <p>"She's a little bit loud and obnoxious right now," <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X11mw-S-AJo" target="_blank">Williams said at a <em>US Open press conference</em></a>.</p> <p>"I'm not sure she should come to the matches."</p> <p>"I'm hoping next year she'll be at an age where she can sit ... Maybe I'll start at the smaller tournaments and see how she does and go from there. Also, she's still napping. It's hard."</p> <p>Scroll through the gallery to see Serena and her father Thomas through the years.</p>

Relationships

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The heartbreaking moment that left Wimbledon spectators shattered

<p>Russian tennis legend Margarita Gasparyan has suffered one of the crueller exits from Wimbledon as an old injury flared up and left her unable to continue the match.</p> <p>The world no. 62 had victory in her sights as she was playing against 8th seed Elina Svitolina and took the first set 7-5 in 51 minutes. The domination continued into the second set as Elina caught up and served at 6-5 to level the match.</p> <p>Margarita has had knee troubles in the past and as the second set of the match came to a close, she looked to be in increasing amounts of pain.</p> <p>Her movement was impacted, and she was unable to stand up at 5-5, which led her to having to lie down on the grass court as the cramp was speculated to be the reason behind her collapse.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en"> <p dir="ltr">Gasparyan in a lot of pain now. Leg appears to be cramping after landing on it after a serve. She’s lying on the ground, but seemed to tell umpire she’s ok, just cramping. 5-5, 0-30. <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Wimbledon?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Wimbledon</a></p> — WTA Insider (@WTA_insider) <a href="https://twitter.com/WTA_insider/status/1146386127072497670?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 3, 2019</a></blockquote> <p>Margarita could only watch on as her rival brought her water and comforted her at the baseline as the pair waited for physio to arrive. The crowd could only watch on in silence as they waited for the outcome.</p> <p>Margarita continued to play, but barely managed to finish the game. She tried to get around the court as best she could without further aggravating her injury, but her opponent broke to take the lead at 6-5.</p> <p>The physio treated Margarita’s left quad in the changeover, but there was not much more to be done.</p> <p>She was in tears as she limped to the net to retire and continued to sob as she realised that her dreams of being in the third round were at her fingertips.</p> <p>Her opponent, Elina, was stunned. <span>S</span><span>he told </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.news.com.au/sport/tennis/wimbledon/margarita-gasparyan-suffers-cruel-wimbledon-injury-heartbreak-while-leading-elina-svitolina/news-story/d2381871e5e6dc75894eda3e21fc928c" target="_blank">news.com.au</a><span>: </span><span>“Honestly, I was a little bit shocked. It’s never nice to get this when someone is injured like that. It puts you a little bit off.</span></p> <p><span></span><span>“At the end we’d expect that she would go and play. Yeah, it happened that way and really unfortunate for her.</span></p> <p>“You give her some water, because I know when there is cramps you need to drink lots of water. Your muscles are contracting, so it’s important just to drink lots of fluids.</p> <p>“So that’s why I gave her some water, because no one really did anything. I mean, we were trying to help, but, yeah, it’s tough to react straight away.”<span data-mce-fragment="1">The heartbreaking moment that left Wimbledon spectators shattered </span></p>

Body

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Common blood pressure pills recalled worldwide

<p>A popular blood pressure drug has been recalled worldwide after it was contaminated with a cancer-causing chemical.</p> <p>The drug Valsartan, made in a factory in China, was first recalled in 22 countries – including the UK and the US earlier this month – but the warning has now been issued worldwide.</p> <p>A cancer-causing chemical used in rocket fuel, N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), contaminated the drug’s production at Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical.</p> <p>Production of Valsartan has stopped, and experts believe the contamination could date back to 2012, when the company changed its manufacturing process.</p> <p>The drug, which has been commonly prescribed for 15 years, was recalled in the UK and then in the US two weeks later.</p> <p>Valsartan was first developed by Novartis and the Swiss company marketed it as Diovan, but it is now off patent and is used in various generic medicines supplied by numerous companies.</p> <p>Valsartan is prescribed to patients to treat high blood pressure and heart failure.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img width="497" height="330" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7819906/1_497x330.jpg" alt="1 (175)"/></p> <p>Zhejiang Huahai, which was one of the first Chinese companies to get drugs approved in the US market, also makes medicines to treat heart problems, depression, allergies and HIV, according to its website.</p> <p>The European Medicines Agency (EMA), which first issued the warning over Valsartan, said it was working to find out how long and at what levels patients might have been exposed to NDMA.</p> <p>The agency said: “It is still too early to provide information on the longer term risk NDMA may have posed for patients.”</p> <p>“EMA has made this aspect of the review a priority and will update the public as soon as new information becomes available," reported the <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><em>Daily Mail</em></strong></span></a>. </p> <p>The EMA said all medicines containing Valsartan from Zhejiang Huahai should be recalled and no longer available in pharmacies.</p> <p>The EMA believes the unexpected impurity, which was not detected by routine tests, may have been produced from manufacturing processes that were introduced in 2012.</p> <p>The EMA has informed patients that only some Valsartan medicines have been affected and recommended speaking to a pharmacist or doctor who can tell you if your medicine is being recalled.</p> <p>“You should not stop taking your Valsartan medicine unless you have been told to do so by your doctor or pharmacist,” the agency said in a <a href="http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Press_release/2018/07/WC500251498.pdf" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">press release.</span></strong></a></p>

Caring

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Calls for this popular Aldi product to be recalled worldwide

<p>A UK mother is calling for a worldwide recall of Aldi’s baby wipes after they caused her two-year-old to breakout in sore, red blotches. Hayley Neale began using Aldi’s Mamia Newborn Wipes following a friend’s recommendation, only to find her daughter Martha had a serious skin reaction to a particular batch of the wipes, supposedly formulated for sensitive skin.</p> <p>“I get through several packets a week with my two little ones, and I’d not had a problem before,” the single mum said. “But these wipes caused an instant reaction.</p> <p>“Martha has sensitive skin, so I’ve always been careful. For a long time, I only used water wipes. But then someone told me about Aldi’s sensitive wipes so I tried them and they were great, saving me a lot of money.</p> <p>“I then moved onto the newborn ones, and they were no trouble either. But to see Martha’s skin after using this batch, it was red and blotchy. She was so uncomfortable; she kept touching her face which was hot and shiny for several hours afterwards. It was like she’d been sunburnt.”</p> <p>And Neale isn’t the only mother who’s noticed a reaction. Nicola Redding told the <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3799849/Mother-says-Aldi-sensitive-skin-baby-wipes-caused-children-s-rash.html" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Daily Mail</span></strong></a> the wipes caused her children to break out in painful red blisters. It is believed the discount supermarket chain may have changed their formula, and <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-3765483/Aldi-accused-misleading-customers-baby-wipes-brought-children-rash.html" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">hundreds of concerned parents</span></strong></a> have since come out in support of a total worldwide recall on the product.</p> <p>However, in a statement, an Aldi spokesperson said, “We are very sorry to hear of Ms Neale’s experience with our Mamia Newborn Sensitive Wipes. We would like to reassure her there has been no change to the specification or the supplier of this product.</p> <p>“All of our baby and toddler products are rigorously tested before going on sale, but as with all cosmetic products, there is the possibility of an individual intolerance to a particular ingredient. We will share Ms Neale’s feedback with our supplier.”</p> <p>Tell us in the comments below, are you or someone you know affected by this potentially faulty product?</p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><a href="/news/news/2016/09/popular-phone-recalled-due-to-exploding-batteries/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>Popular phone recalled due to exploding batteries</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/news/news/2016/08/recall-on-washing-machines-reissued-after-house-fire/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>Urgent recall on washing machines after house fire</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/news/news/2016/09/little-girls-adorable-reaction-to-meeting-a-ballerina/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>Baby girl stunned by real-life ballerina</strong></em></span></a></p>

News

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Revealed: 10 most expensive cities to live in

<p>The results of the annual Economist Intelligence Unit <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/10/travel/most-expensive-cities-2016/index.html" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Worldwide Cost of Living</span></strong></a> survey have been revealed and for the third year in a row, Singapore has been named the most expensive city to live in.</p> <p>Hot on its heels are the Swiss city of Zurich and Hong Kong, which placed second and third respectively. <span>No Kiwi cities made the top 10 (thankfully!), but Auckland and Wellington did make the top 50, placing 38th and 42nd respectively.</span></p> <p>Here’s the top 10 countries you may not want to retire to:</p> <p>1. Singapore</p> <p>2. Zurich, Switzerland</p> <p>3. Hong Kong</p> <p>4. Geneva, Switzerland</p> <p>5. Paris, France</p> <p>6. London, UK</p> <p>7. New York City, USA</p> <p>8. Copenhagen, Denmark</p> <p>8. Seoul, South Korea</p> <p>8. Los Angeles, USA</p> <p>As for the cheapest? Look no further than Lusaka, the capital of Zambia.</p> <p><span>Have you ever lived in one of these countries? Did you find it was much more expensive than New Zealand? Let us know in the comments below.</span></p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><a href="/travel/international/2016/06/senior-female-solo-travellers-on-the-rise/"><strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Senior female solo travellers on the rise</span></em></strong></a></p> <p><a href="/travel/international/2016/06/10-of-the-best-travel-photos-from-2016-so-far/"><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>10 of the best travel photos from 2016 so far</strong></span></em></a></p> <p><a href="/travel/international/2016/06/beautiful-european-cities-you-never-thought-to-visit/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>15 beautiful European cities you never thought to visit</strong></em></span></a></p>

International Travel

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105-year-old Aussie artist receives worldwide acclaim

<p>For most 105-year-olds, life is about relaxing and enjoying the simple things in life. For Daisy Loongkoonan, it’s a great time to start a new career.</p> <p>At the age of 95, Loongkoonan, an elder of the Nyikina people in Kimberly, discovered she had a previously unknown talent – painting. 10 years on, her artworks are being lauded around the world.</p> <p>For Loongkoonan, whose date of birth is thought to be around 1910 – though it is not known for sure, inspiration comes from the land of her people.</p> <p>Talking to <a href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-11/105-year-old-kimberley-artist-gathers-international/7316168" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">ABC News</span></strong></a>, Loongkoonan believes footwalking is what gave her such a deep understanding of the land around her. “I still enjoy footwalking my country, showing the young people to chase barni [goannas] and catch fish. In my paintings I show all types of bush tucker – good tucker, that we lived off in the bush. I paint Nyikina country the same way eagles see country when they are high up in the sky.”</p> <p>Diane Mossenson, owner of the Mossenson Gallery, explains Loongkoonan’s work grew more complex as she began to refine her painting abilities. She believes that it was not only Loongkoonan’s natural talent which allowed her to produce such colourful, intricate works of art, but the fact that she was painting subjects which were close to her heart – the land, the bush tucker, and her people.</p> <p>Anthony Watson of the Kimberly Land Council says Loongkoonan is an inspiration to those in the region. "Granny Daisy brings a lot of stories with her paintings to our young members. It's amazing she's still doing this work even though she's over 100, so it's very important that it's preserved."</p> <p><em>Image: ABC News</em></p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/retirement-life/2016/04/85-year-old-navy-veteran-learns-to-tap-dance/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>85-year-old Navy veteran learns to tap-dance</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/retirement-life/2016/04/98-year-old-great-grandmother-plays-piano-nashville/"><em><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">98-year-old granny blows audience away with piano performance</span></strong></em></a></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/retirement-life/2016/03/grandmother-lifts-100kg/"><em><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">78-year-old grandmother lifts weights like a pro athlete</span></strong></em></a></p>

News